Revelers celebrate Munich’s Oktoberfest at the Hacker-Festzelt beer tent with lots of hearty food, beer, and Bavarian music. The two-week-long festival draws more than 6 million visitors from around the world who consume around 150 cattle, a half million chickens, and more than 400,000 sausages, plus mountains of potatoes, sauerkraut, and spätzle, all washed down with about 1.8 million gallons of Germany’s favorite foamy beverage. A landmark 2018 study on the climate impacts of agriculture found that citizens in wealthy Western countries would need to reduce their red meat consumption by nearly 90 percent to keep global average temperature rise below two degrees Celsius and avoid world-altering climate change. Traditions like Oktoberfest aside, Germany is actually leading the way. In 2022, German meat consumption had fallen to 117 pounds per capita, its lowest level in more than thirty years and lower than France, Spain, the Netherlands, and Italy, driven by increasing numbers of young Germans adopting vegetarian or “flexitarian” diets with reduced meat consumption.
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